据有关部门统计，2018年，我国塑料制品产量已超过7700万吨，产值近2万亿。塑料是20世纪的伟大发明，其应用领域不断扩大，品种日益增多，极大地方便了人们的生活，成为与人类生活息息相关的材料。然而，塑料在给人类带来便利的同时，其环境危害也逐渐显现出来。废旧塑料如何妥善处理？如何推动塑料制品回收利用？这些问题值得我们深思。下面就让小编带大家分享废旧塑料如何回收利用。
一、塑料的两面性 2018年，我国塑料制品产量已超过7700万吨，产值近2万亿，且每年都在增加。如此大的市场也承载着无数人的英雄梦想，为之不懈努力。然而完美的东西不可能存在，上帝也不允许。同样，塑料也被冠以20世纪最糟糕的发明之一，因为它的严重污染逐渐被发现并受到越来越多的重视。更糟糕的是，这种污染的处理超乎人们的想象。曾经，一代杰出的化学家努力将塑料的优异的理化性能和耐久性发挥到极致，使得塑料因质轻、耐用、美观、成本低廉等优点，被广泛应用于许多领域。谁知，正是这些优异的性能，却使大量耐用、无腐蚀的塑料废弃物产生。大量使用后丢弃的塑料制品，成为环境的一大公害。
二、废旧塑料的处理在城市塑料固体废弃物的处理中，目前采用填埋、焚烧和回收三种方法。由于各国国情不同，解决办法也不同，美国以填埋为主，欧洲、日本以焚烧为主。
1.填埋处理，因为塑料制品一般较轻，不易腐烂，这将导致垃圾填埋场成为软弱地基，日后难以使用
2.焚烧处理，因为塑料产生大量热量，容易损坏炉子，而且焚烧后产生的气体会促进地球变暖，有些塑料焚烧时会释放有害气体，污染大气。
3.采用回收再利用的方法，由于人工成本、回收成本高以及缺乏相应的回收渠道，全世界回收再利用只占塑料总消费量的15%左右。但由于世界石油资源有限，从节约地球资源的角度考虑，塑料的回收利用意义重大。为此，世界各国都投入了大量的人力、物力，开发各种废旧塑料回收再利用的关键技术，并致力于降低塑料回收再利用的成本。
Fourth, the
development direction of environmentally friendly plastics While actively
developing plastic recycling and recycling technology, the use of plastics must
also be developed in the direction of treatment or recycling.
1. Subtractive design research and development of materials suitable for
recycling, the focus of consideration will not be on which plastics should be
used for the production of individual components, but rather the materials that
can be widely used. This is a revolutionary change in concept. . In order to
facilitate recycling, designers began to avoid the use of a variety of plastics
in the design of products, the United States BMW is preparing to reduce the
number of plastics in its new car design by 40%, in order to facilitate the
recycling of waste plastics. The world's electrical and electronic market has
paid attention to the recycling of waste plastics. International Business
Machines (IBM) has begun to mark the plastic parts of computer and business
machines, and develop recyclable plastic electronic components and simplified
disassembly equipment. The product structure, while also considering the
surface coloration of the components, the amount of external binder used to
control the plastic additives is reduced by the use of recycled process parts
and additional parts.
2. Biodegradation Research and development of biodegradation has become a
research hotspot in the plastics processing industry in the world. Researchers
hope to develop a plastic that can degrade in a microbial environment to handle
large amounts of disposable plastics, especially mulch and multi-package waste,
on farmland, forests, and oceans. The research goal is to develop a plastic
that can guarantee the performance of its name during use, and once it is used
up, it can be decomposed by microorganisms in the environment to completely
enter the ecological cycle. At the same time, the production cost of this
plastic is relatively low and economical. If it is such a biodegradable
plastic, it can be composted with ordinary bio-waste after use without being
costly for collection, sorting and regeneration. Moreover, the decomposition
products enter the ecological cycle without causing waste of resources. In the
research and development of biodegradable plastics, countries all over the
world have invested a lot of money and manpower, and spent a lot of energy on
research. The plastics processing industry generally believes that
biodegradable plastics are a new technological issue in the 21st century.
五、废塑料回收行业兴起 随着十九大闭幕，生态文明建设、生态环境保护被列为重点部署，未来几年绿色经济将迎来前所未有的发展机遇，随着废塑料产生量的不断增加，废塑料回收行业将成为绿色经济的重要篇章，国家政府已经开始布局，如生活垃圾分类、回收场地布局等正规化的回收体系都已出台并实施。