什么是塑料造粒机？

文章段落
Ⅰ概述
Ⅱ发展现状
Ⅲ市场前景
Ⅳ塑料造粒机的作用
Ⅴ塑料造粒机的生产原理
Ⅵ技术特点
Ⅶ切粒方式介绍
Ⅷ颗粒选择指南
Ⅸ造粒机工作过程中注意事项
Ⅹ造粒机常见故障及解决方法
Ⅺ选购注意事项

概述

造粒机是一种能将物料制成特定形状的成型机械。可广泛应用于化工、石油化工、制药、食品、建材、矿冶、环保、印染、陶瓷、橡胶、塑料等领域。造粒机的节能可分为两部分：一是动力部分，二是加热部分。造粒机所需的功率与挤出量成正比，与过滤网的大小成指数关系。冷切粒系统是在工艺结束时从固化的聚合物开始切粒，而热模面切粒系统则是在熔融的聚合物从模头出来时切粒，颗粒在下游的切粒机中进行冷却。



Development status

In the face of severe energy and environmental challenges, China has formulated a medium and long-term energy technology development strategy and development plan to 2020 with a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable scientific development concept as its guiding ideology. The formulation of this energy and environmental development strategy, It also points out the direction for the development of China's plastic granulator technology, and it is imperative to explore a new development path for plastic granulator technology. Compared with other operating links in industrial and agricultural production, the tasks of energy saving and pollution prevention in the plastic granulator process are particularly urgent.
When exploring the new development path of plastic granulator technology, energy efficiency, environmental protection and product quality must be comprehensively considered in order to achieve a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. To implement the development strategy of efficient and green plastic granulator, we must first take a resource-saving development path and change a single extensive plastic granulator into a combined and intelligent plastic granulator. It is not only necessary to carry out fundamental transformation from the plastic granulator process, but also to carry out comprehensive and multi-level energy-saving technological transformation, and vigorously develop the plastic granulator technology that applies renewable energy and industrial waste heat. From the government level, it is necessary to establish and improve the comprehensive evaluation criteria and industry standards of plastic granulator equipment, establish a macro-control and market adjustment mechanism, and speed up the upgrading of plastic granulator technology.

market expectation

The plastic granulator used in the petroleum and petrochemical industry is becoming more and more large, and due to strong demand, the situation of tight supply and prolonged delivery is becoming more and more prominent. The granulator refers to a unit that adds different additives to the resin according to different purposes, and makes the resin raw material into granular products suitable for secondary processing after heating, mixing and extrusion molding. The plastic granulator is widely used in petroleum and petrochemical industry.
Industry experts said that due to the rapid development of the global petrochemical industry, the demand for plastic granulators has increased rapidly, plastic granulators are becoming more and more large, and users' requirements for the mechanical stability of the unit and energy saving and consumption reduction are also increasing. Come higher. The main reason for the difficulty in supplying granulators and the prolonged delivery time is due to the increase in demand.


Plastic granulator function

With special screw design and different configurations, it is suitable for the production of PP, PE, PS, ABS, PA, PVC, PC, POM, EVA, LCP, PET, PMMA and other plastic regeneration and color mixing granulation. The reduction box adopts the design of high torque, which realizes the performance of noiseless and smooth operation. The screw and barrel are specially hardened, which has the characteristics of wear resistance, good mixing performance and high output. The design of vacuum exhaust or ordinary exhaust port can discharge moisture and waste gas during the production process, so that the material can be discharged. It is more stable and the colloidal particles are stronger, which ensures the good quality of the product.



Production principle of plastic granulator

The process of high temperature melting, plasticizing and extrusion is used to change the physical properties of plastics to achieve plasticizing and molding of plastics.
Plastic granulator use
The plastic granulator is mainly used for processing waste plastic films (industrial packaging films, agricultural plastic films, greenhouse films, beer bags, handbags, etc.), woven bags, agricultural convenience bags, basins, barrels, beverage bottles, furniture, daily necessities, etc., It is suitable for most common waste plastics and is the most widely used, most widely used and most popular plastic recycling processing machinery in the waste plastic recycling industry.

Technical Features

screw
The shape design of the screw has been changed, and the thread spacing between the screws has been increased. When heating, the plastic can be fully plasticized and melted in the barrel; the variable diameter type is adopted, which technically increases the relative service life of the screw; the material adopts High strength 38CrMoAlA improves the performance of the whole machine.
Barrel
The design of the barrel is made of 45# steel, which is finely processed and then quenched to have high hardness and certain wear and corrosion resistance, and there is a certain size of slot holes at the feeding end to facilitate feeding.
Heating system
The heating system is composed of heating rings, which are separately distributed outside the barrel to uniformly heat and plasticize the materials in the barrel, and are controlled by the instrument on the electric cabinet to automatically adjust the change of the set temperature.
Cooling fan
In order to achieve the stability of the temperature in the barrel, a cooling fan is added at the bottom of the barrel in the design. Through automatic temperature control, it will automatically cool when the temperature is too high, which increases the temperature stability of the barrel.
nose
In order to keep the extruded plastic from being insufficient in fluidity due to temperature reduction, it will hinder extrusion. Specifically, a heating ring with a certain power is added outside the machine head to ensure the normal and fullness of the discharge. And the discharge hole set on the machine head is a parallel 15 hole type, which increases the discharge volume and increases the production speed. The head structure is a parallel extruder head, and the thread is connected with the barrel, which can save time and effort when replacing the screen plate.
Pelletizing System
After being cooled by the cooling system, the strips enter the pelletizer to be rolled and cut into pellets, which are convenient for packaging. A rolling feed wheel is set on the pelletizer, which is driven by the motor to automatically transport the material into the machine body, and the rolling blade inside the machine body cuts it.


切粒法介绍

制粒机的制粒方法主要有：水环制粒、水下制粒、条带制粒、

颗粒选择指南

制粒机在制粒时应该如何选择制粒方法？
1.物料特性：物料是粉状还是熔融液体，浆状、音频糊状物料能否泵送雾化，物料是否热敏性等，在选择时都要考虑。
2.对生产能力的要求：如果要求的生产能力很大，有很多方法就不能应用。
3.对团块的粒度和粒度分布的要求：有些方法，如喷雾干燥制粒，只能得到很细的颗粒，粉体团块法只能得到较小的颗粒，而其他方法，如压制，则可以得到大的团块。
4.颗粒的形状：滚动制粒、搅拌制粒和喷雾制粒都可以得到近似球形的颗粒；喷丸、冷却凝固造粒可得到完全球形的颗粒；挤压造粒可得到圆柱形颗粒。应估计不同形状的颗粒对后续工作可能产生的影响。
5、团聚强度：粉末团聚、喷丸得到的颗粒机械强度较弱，如需高强度颗粒，需采用压制方法或烧结焙烧等方法进行强化，挤压成型时应选择高强度的粘结剂。
6、颗粒的孔隙率、密度：孔隙率、密度与强度关系密切，有些挤压造粒工艺可以较好地控制孔隙率和密度，满足某些应用需要。
7、湿法与干法：湿法造粒需要昂贵的溶剂，取药后干燥容易造成溶剂损失，有些物料可能对溶剂敏感，不适合用湿法，有些物料在干燥过程中可能会因重晶石形状各异，不能采用湿法；干法制粒易产生粉末，不适宜处理有毒化学品等危险物料。
8、空间限制：例如挤压法可以用较小的设备获得较高的生产能力，而其他方法如喷丸法则需要较高的垂直空间来安装塔设备。
在选择时，至少可以初步选择两种不同的制粒方法，然后通过实验进行进一步的细化考虑。然后考虑设备的可靠性、灵活性是否易于制造和维护，在所需产量下，以总成本最小的原则下做出最终选择。

制粒机工作过程中注意事项

1、随时注意机身温度变化，用干净的手触摸棉条，不要用手触摸，应立即升温，直到棉条粘在手上，都是正常的。
2、减速机轴承部位出现烫手，或伴有杂音时，应及时停机检修，并加油。
3、主机轴承室两端轴承部位出现发热或杂音时，应停机检修。
4、注意摸清机器的运行规律，如：机器的温度，转速的快慢，根据情况及时处理即可。
5、机身不稳定时，应注意检查联轴器间隙是否过紧，应及时调整。


颗粒机常见故障及解决方法

1、主电机转，但螺杆不转
原因：传动三角带松弛、磨损、打滑；安全钥匙松动或断开。
处理方法：调整三角带中心距，张紧皮带，或更换新三角带；检查安全钥匙，分析断裂原因，更换安全钥匙。

2、主机不转或瞬间停止
原因：主电机电源未接通；加热时间不足，或某一加热器不工作，导致扭矩过大，电机超载。
处理方法：检查主机电路是否接通并接通电源；检查各段温度显示，确认预热加热时间，检查各加热器是否损坏或接触不良，并予以排除。

3、螺杆运转正常，但不出料
原因：料斗进料不连续；进料口被异物或“桥”堵住；金属硬物落入螺槽内堵塞螺槽，物料无法正常进料；
处​​理方法：增加进料量，使螺杆进料连续稳定；停机清除进料口异物，消除“搭桥”现象；如确认有金属异物落入螺槽内，应立即停机清除金属异物。
4、排气孔爆裂
原因：原料不够干净有杂质；进料速度太快，使螺杆挤出不稳定；塑化温度不够引起螺杆挤出问题。
处理方法：进料前清理原料或更换滤网；减少进料量，使塑化稳定的螺杆能顺利挤出；提高塑化温度（温度不宜过高，防止烧坏塑料，影响生产品质）。

购买须知

1、减速箱要好，里面的齿轮要热处理，轴承要可调。
2、减速箱、螺杆、机筒、机头及易磨损件均应做强度处理，寿命保证1年以上。
3、主要部件采用标准材料。
4、减速机、电机应从专业厂家采购，自行组装。
5、必须有配电工作柜。
6、设备最重要的是螺杆、机筒质量好。
7、加热要分段，分段加热要均匀可控。
8、高效省电。
9、机器长径比不能超过20（16：1-20：1为宜，即螺杆长度为螺杆直径的16-20倍）。
10、型号不能小于100，型号越大产量越高。
11、必须有双排气。
12、造粒机法兰（模头）的加热功率很重要，应按每平方厘米（截面积）2.5W设计。